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Issue 9 – May – June 2008 |
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Also at www.zupt.com |
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INERTIAL NEWS |
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In this issue of Zest:
Inertial, Seismic, Survey and Other NEWS Underground Mines Underwater
Metrology Gravity
and Depth Measurements UNO the gyroscopic bike MEMS & NANO etc etc…
Happy |
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INERTIAL NEWS• HONEYWELL INTRODUCES
6DF INERTIAL MEASUREMENT UNIT (IMU) SENSOR. HG1171 Series Enhances Safety, Stability,
Productivity, and Operational Capabilities of Heavy-Duty Vehicle Equipment…
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OIL, GAS & SEISMIC NEWS
• Time Running Out for Energy in • Eromanga & Gavea
see oil in onshore Brazil well • Brazil
puts Rounds 8 & 10 on indefinite hold • Nigeria pipeline explosion kills 100 • Experts: Government seeking control over mining –
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• Graphically Cool Site of the Month … |
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INERTIAL
TIPS Their accuracies were very
good from point to point relatively when one considers that the control was
established over hundreds of kilometer of survey, and in the most remote
areas.
Here are pictures of a
system used in
Azimuth transference from
the INS via theodolite…
The LN-15 Gimbaled platform
The INS components
UNDERWATER METROLOGY
Subsea 7 and Richtech form new Subsea Engineering company Subsea 7 Inc (OSE Symbol: SUB), one of the world's leading subsea engineering and construction companies, and Richtech International Holding Inc, a Chinese engineering consultancy, today announced formation of a joint venture company to provide subsea front-end engineering and design (FEED), detailed design, integrity management and engineering consulting services to operators. The company will be known as Subsea Engineering Solutions (SES).
GLOSSARY: Convergence
of the meridians. It is the
angular difference between a grid azimuth measured between two points on a
grid projection and the true azimuth measured between the same two points on
the ellipsoid. Az grid = Az true –
convergence. |
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GRAVITY & DEPTH… • Gravity. Efforts to understand gravity began in ancient
times. In the 4th century BC, the Greek philosopher Aristotle believed that
there was no effect without a cause, and therefore no motion without a force.
He hypothesized that everything tried to move towards its proper place in the
crystalline spheres of the heavens, and that physical bodies
fell toward the center of the Earth in proportion to their weight. Brahmagupta, in the Brahmasphuta
Siddhanta (AD 628), stated that "all heavy
things are attracted towards the center of the earth" and that "all
heavy things fall down to the earth by a law of nature, for it is the nature
of the earth to attract and to keep things” • In the 9th century, the eldest Banū
Mūsā brother, Muhammad ibn Musa, in his Astral Motion and The Force of
Attraction, hypothesized that there was a force of attraction between
heavenly bodies, foreshadowing Newton's law of universal gravitation. In the 1000s, the Persian scientist Ibn al-Haytham (Alhacen), in the Mizan
al-Hikmah, discussed the theory of attraction
between masses, and it seems that he was aware of the magnitude of
acceleration due to gravity. In 1121, Al-Khazini,
in The Book of the Balance of Wisdom, differentiated between force,
mass, and weight, and discovered that gravity varies with the distance from
the centre of the Earth. • Modern work on gravitational theory began with the
work of Galileo Galilei in the late 16th century.
In his famous experiment dropping balls from the Tower of Pisa, and later
with careful measurements of balls rolling down inclines, Galileo showed that
gravitation accelerates all objects at the same rate. In 1687, English mathematician Sir Isaac
Newton published Principia, which hypothesizes the inverse-square law
of universal gravitation. In general relativity, the effects of
gravitation are ascribed to spacetime curvature instead of a force. Einstein
proposed that spacetime is curved by matter, and that free-falling objects
are moving along locally straight paths in curved spacetime. • Gravity in Depth measurements. In underwater studies, when
depth readings are recorded in Pound/Square Inch (PSI), they can be converted
to depth in meters using the formula below. (Depth m)
= 6.894757
× (P - Pa) d × g where: Depth is in metres 6.894757 is the conversion factor to metres P is the total observed pressure in PSIA Pa is the atmospheric pressure in PSIA d is the mean density of seawater through the water column
in gm/cm3 g is gravity at the location in m/s2 • Gravity varies with latitude (formula below) and both
gravity and density vary with depth (both formulae available). Acceleration
due to gravity varies with latitude and is computed from the International
Gravity Formula (1967): g’ =
9 780 318.5 + (51 629.27sin2 L) + (229.5 sin4 L) where: g’ is 106 × g
g is acceleration due
to gravity in m/s2
L is the
Latitude in degrees NOTE: Acceleration due to gravity also
varies slightly with depth. The variation of gravity with depth below the sea
surface is given by: g(z) = g(0)x(1+2.26x10-7x z) where: z is the depth in metres g(z) is acceleration due to gravity in m/s2 at
depth z g(0) is acceleration due to gravity in m/s2 at
depth 0
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UNDERGROUND
MINES • A Lifesaving Beacon for Miners Russell Breeding
finds lost miners with the same tech found in guided missiles and the
Nintendo Wii … click
popsci.com
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